Inhalation & Drug Delivery / CASE STUDY

Dry-Powder Nasal Spray Testing: Phase 1 Characterization

ARE Labs characterized two anonymized dry-powder nasal spray dose variants by measuring actuation, APSD, spray pattern, plume geometry, delivered dose, and regional deposition.

Nasal deliveryParticle sizingDevice evaluation
Study snapshot

Two dose variants showed similar actuation, spray, and regional deposition behavior.

Abstract

ARE Labs characterized two anonymized dry-powder nasal spray dose variants by measuring actuation, APSD, delivered dose, spray pattern, plume geometry, and regional deposition.

Study question

The study established an early performance baseline for comparing the two variants and provided data for a regulatory-facing Phase 1 characterization package. It did not assess clinical efficacy or support claims of approval.

Selected findings

  • Dose Variant A and Dose Variant B showed similar actuation force and spray shape behavior in the anonymized study report.
  • Recovered material was predominantly classified in the nasal or upper-airway region for both variants.
  • The client-reported outcome was that the report satisfied an FDA request for initial Phase 1 product characterization, without implying approval or endorsement.
Variants
2 dosesTwo anonymized dry-powder nasal spray configurations were compared.
Main endpoint
APSDNGI cascade impactor testing supported regional deposition interpretation.
Upper-airway fraction
97.9%-98.6%Most recovered material was classified in the nasal or upper-airway region.

Study question

Early clinical programs for dry-powder nasal sprays often face a practical question: can the device and formulation deliver a consistent dose, produce a defined spray, and keep most recovered material within the intended upper-airway size range? The sponsor had two anonymized dose variants and needed an in-vitro characterization package before moving the program forward.1

ARE Labs approached the work as product characterization, not an assessment of clinical efficacy. The sponsor needed data to respond to an FDA request for initial Phase 1 product characterization without disclosing proprietary product details. The report therefore had to connect the methods, measured performance, and interpretation while staying within the limits of the in-vitro data.1,2

The central questions were straightforward but technically important. Could each variant be actuated with consistent force? Did the emitted powder form a controlled spray pattern and plume? Was the delivered mass consistent? Did the aerodynamic particle size distribution show that most recovered material remained in the larger-particle nasal or upper-airway region rather than shifting into smaller respirable fractions?

Test package

The study combined mechanical actuation testing, NGI cascade impaction, HPLC recovery, spray pattern imaging, plume geometry capture, delivered dose assessment, and regional deposition classification. USP <601> and FDA nasal product guidance provide public context for the use of these product-quality measurements with inhalation and nasal drug products.1,2

ARE Labs evaluated both variants under controlled actuation to limit operator-related variability. Manual actuation can introduce noise, particularly when comparing dose variants or establishing a baseline for later development. The final data package linked the methods, measured performance, and interpretation within a GLP-aligned documentation framework.3

TABLE 1Key measured results from the anonymized dry-powder nasal spray report.
MetricDose Variant ADose Variant B
Average actuation force5.68 +/- 0.54 kg5.44 +/- 0.25 kg
Delivered dose / emitted mass9.6 +/- 2.5 mg19.6 +/- 0.6 mg
Ovality ratio1.23 +/- 0.101.20 +/- 0.09
Spray angle33.33 +/- 0.78 deg29.97 +/- 0.97 deg
Nasal / upper-airway deposition97.9%98.6%
Tracheobronchial deposition1.2%0.8%
Alveolar deposition0.8%0.6%
Exhalable fraction0.1%0.1%

What the data showed

The two dose variants showed similar mechanical and spray-performance behavior. Average actuation force was 5.68 kg for Dose Variant A and 5.44 kg for Dose Variant B, with comparable variability. Most spray patterns were circular or slightly elliptical, and the measured spray angles remained within a narrow range.

Delivered dose or emitted mass scaled with the dose configuration: 9.6 mg for Dose Variant A and 19.6 mg for Dose Variant B in the summarized report data. The difference was expected from the configuration comparison. The development question was whether the broader performance profile remained interpretable across both variants.

Regional deposition result

The regional deposition profile was the most important technical result. Of the recovered material, 97.9 percent for Dose Variant A and 98.6 percent for Dose Variant B fell within the nasal or upper-airway category.

FIGURE 1Nasal / upper-airway share by dose variantPercent of recovered material classified as nasal or upper-airway.Bar chart showing nasal or upper-airway recovered material at 97.9 percent for Dose Variant A and 98.6 percent for Dose Variant B.
View figure data as a table
variantNasal / upper airway
Dose Variant A97.9%
Dose Variant B98.6%

Source: anonymized ARE Labs client study report and addendum.

  • Percentages are calculated from recovered material in the anonymized study data table.
  • The chart is not a clinical deposition claim.

The tracheobronchial, alveolar, and exhalable fractions were low for both configurations. Those values gave the sponsor a clear technical signal: under the tested conditions, the prototype behaved like a larger-particle nasal powder system rather than a primarily lung-directed aerosol.

FIGURE 2Deep-lung fractions by dose variantZoomed view of the sub-2% fractions beneath nasal / upper airway, so the two variants can be compared.Grouped bar chart comparing the small tracheobronchial, alveolar, and exhalable fractions for two dry-powder nasal spray dose variants; all sit below roughly 1.2 percent.
View figure data as a table
variantTracheobronchialAlveolarExhalable
Dose Variant A1.2%0.8%0.1%
Dose Variant B0.8%0.6%0.1%

Source: anonymized ARE Labs client study report and addendum.

  • Excludes the nasal / upper-airway fraction (~98%) so the small fractions are legible.
  • The chart is not a clinical deposition claim.

This was an in-vitro classification, not a clinical deposition claim. The source report did not calculate respirable MMAD or GSD because most recovered material was above the upper size range relevant to respirable curve fitting. In this case, the absence of those values was part of the technical interpretation, not simply a missing endpoint.

Regulatory-facing use

The client reported that the characterization report satisfied an FDA request for initial Phase 1 product characterization. This does not mean the product received approval, clearance, or agency endorsement.1

The package brought defined test methods, controlled actuation, quantitative recovery, clear interpretation, and documented limitations into one early-stage dataset. For teams preparing early clinical programs, this type of study can help address questions from regulators, investors, or internal program teams before the formulation or device design is locked.1,3

  • Use this type of study when a program needs early performance characterization for an intranasal drug-device product.
  • Keep interpretation limited to the data package; in-vitro regional classification is not a clinical deposition result.1
  • Document limitations clearly when public FDA or USP context is used to explain the measurement rationale.1,2

A similar study design may be useful when a sponsor is preparing for first-in-human work, responding to an agency information request, comparing early device variants, evaluating a formulation change, or assembling data for internal program decisions. These endpoints need to be interpreted together because actuation, powder release, spray geometry, delivered dose, and aerodynamic sizing all contribute to the overall performance assessment.1

The study can also provide a baseline for later comparability work. If the actuator, powder formulation, filling process, or dose configuration changes, the same set of endpoints lets the sponsor compare new results with the original characterization package instead of treating each question as a separate method-development exercise.

Confidentiality also shaped the public case study. This version retains the dose variants, method categories, measured endpoint summaries, and regional deposition values. It omits the client name, product name, API, indication, client-specific codes, batch codes, personnel names, raw-data screenshots, and device-identifying details.

Summary

By bringing actuation, delivered dose, APSD, spray geometry, and regional deposition results into one package, the study gave the client an early performance baseline for two dry-powder nasal spray variants. It addressed the initial characterization need while keeping the conclusions within the limits of the study, without extending them into approval or clinical-effectiveness claims. For teams with a similar characterization need, ARE Labs may be a useful fit when several measurements must be brought together and the documentation and interpretation must remain closely aligned with the study question.

PUBLIC SOURCES

References and study evidence

  1. 1Bioavailability and Bioequivalence Studies for Nasal Aerosols and Nasal Sprays for Local ActionU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationPublic FDA guidance used as related nasal aerosol and nasal spray product-quality context.Open source
  2. 2USP General Chapter <601>: Inhalation and Nasal Drug Products: Aerosols, Sprays, and Powders - Performance Quality TestsUnited States PharmacopeiaPublic standards context for delivered dose and particle-size measurements in inhalation and nasal drug products.Open source
  3. 321 CFR Part 58 - Good Laboratory Practice for Nonclinical Laboratory StudiesElectronic Code of Federal RegulationsPublic GLP context for study conduct and documentation expectations.Open source
QUESTIONS

What to know about this study

What tests are used to characterize a dry-powder nasal spray?

Common measurements include delivered dose, actuation force, APSD by cascade impaction, spray pattern, plume geometry, and interpretation of regional deposition.2

Why use NGI testing for a nasal powder product?

NGI testing characterizes the aerodynamic size distribution of the emitted powder. The results can help distinguish larger upper-airway fractions from smaller respirable fractions.2

Does this case study claim FDA approval?

No. According to the client-reported outcome, the characterization report satisfied an FDA request for initial Phase 1 product characterization. That does not constitute product approval, clearance, or agency endorsement.1